Abstract
Objectives The current study examined whether informal caregivers performed worse, better, or similar to non-caregivers on cognitive tests of executive functioning and episodic memory over 10 years. Methods: Data were from waves 2 (2003–04) and 3 (2013–14) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study ( N = 2086). Multiple linear regression models examined whether caregiving at both waves 2 and 3 predicted better cognitive functioning at wave 3, than caregiving at only one time point or no caregiving (reference) while controlling for baseline covariates (i.e., sociodemographic, health, and functional status). Results After controlling for covariates, caregiving at both waves was independently associated with better performance in episodic memory ( b = .24, SE = .10, p = .013) but not executive function ( b = −.06, SE = .05, p = .246). Discussion: The findings partially supported both healthy caregiver and stress process models, indicating caregiving may be associated with better episodic memory but not executive functioning over time among the middle-aged and older adults.