Abstract
Yellow Poplar was identified as an ideal candidate for Surface Thermal Treatment (STT) due to its widespread availability and excellent adaptability for STT applications. To achieve consistent coloration, a strategy of using lower temperatures and extended durations was adopted, resulting in a new color database for STT. This database enabled the training of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, which was then used to accurately replicate the most sought-after colors in the traditional thermal treatment market. A thorough comparison of the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of STT and ThermoWood-treated (TW) samples, color, revealed different performance characteristics. While STT-treated wood demonstrated superior mechanical strength by preserving core integrity, TW-treated wood exhibited enhanced dimensional stability and improved resistance against fungal decay. Furthermore, both treatments experienced significant color changes after accelerated weathering. This study highlights the advantages and limitations of STT and TW, providing crucial insights to guide the customization of wood treatment processes that balance structural, aesthetic, and durability criteria.