Abstract
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a promising route for producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by converting syngas derived from renewable sources into hydrocarbons within the jet fuel range (C9-C16). However, controlling product selectivity remains challenging due to the conventional Anderson-Schulz-Flory (ASF) distribution, which favors a broad hydrocarbon distribution. This review critically examines various experimentally demonstrated strategies to enhance and narrow the SAF selectivity in FTS. Key approaches include adjusting catalyst redox characteristics, modifying the reduction environment, optimizing metal-support interactions, shifting reaction equilibrium, and incorporating suitable promoters. Furthermore, syngas feed dilution with CO2 have been explored as additional means to suppress methane formation and maximize mid-distillate production. These strategies and machine learning collectively contribute to overcoming ASF limitations, enabling a more targeted synthesis of jet fuel-range hydrocarbons while improving overall process efficiency. By refining these approaches, FTS can be further optimized to support the transition toward cleaner and more sustainable aviation fuels.
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•Active sites in FT catalysts are reviewed concisely.•Strategies to enhance the C9-C16 jet fuel range in FTS are discussed.•SAF compatability with ASTM standards are reviewed.•Role of machine learning in catalyst design for FTS discussed.