Abstract
Angular limb deformity (ALD) affects many species of livestock and companion animals. The mechanisms of ALD development are not well understood, but previous research suggests the involvement of genetic risk factors. A case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted with 40 ALD-affected and 302 unaffected Rambouillet rams and 40,945 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Forelimbs of 6 ALD-affected rams were examined and diagnosed with osteochondrosis. Genome-wide or chromosome-wide significant SNPs were positioned exonic, intronic or within the 3 ' UTR of genes TSPAN18, NRG3 and NOVA2, respectively. These genes have previously described roles related to angiogenesis and osteoblast, osteoclast and chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, which suggests the possibility for their involvement in the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis. Functional consequences of SNPs were evaluated through transcription factor binding site analysis, which predicted binding sites for transcription factors of known importance to bone growth, including SOX6, SOX9 and RUNX2. The identification of genetic risk factors for ALD may help to improve animal welfare and production in Rambouillet, a breed known to be at risk for ALD development. This study proposes genes TSPAN18, NRG3 and NOVA2 as targets for further research towards understanding the etiology of ALD in Rambouillet sheep.