Abstract
This research examines how ranch managers in sagebrush ecosystems perceive and respond to risk amid increasing economic volatility, climate-related stressors, and regulatory uncertainty—particularly in relation to sage-grouse habitat conservation. Through a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with individuals directly involved in land management and policy implementation, the study investigates how perceived risks—economic, ecological, and institutional—shape land use decisions and engagement with government-led conservation efforts. Findings indicate that threats to livelihood resilience, especially those linked to drought, unstable markets, and the potential listing of the sage-grouse under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), strongly influence how land managers interpret and respond to conservation interventions. However, when policies emphasize flexibility, local knowledge, and trust-based collaboration, ranchers demonstrate greater willingness to participate in habitat stewardship. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the socio-ecological and institutional factors that influence conservation behavior in working rangelands and offers insights to support more adaptive, inclusive policy design.