Abstract
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) include some of the most economically important pests attacking soft fruits worldwide including the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel). The Daniel K. Inouye U. S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center has been a world leader in promoting biological control of Bactrocera spp that includes classical, augmentative, conservation, and integrated pest management approaches (Vargas et al., 2012). With the rapid spread of B. dorsalis throughout Africa and a related species, carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, to South America, biological control has been a significant component in reducing population levels. In addition, for use against such serious pests as B. dorsalis, the Hawaii Fruit Fly Area-Wide Pest Management (AWPM) Program developed and integrated biologically-based pest control technologies that include sanitation, GF-120 Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait, and lures that are economically viable, environmentally sound and sustainable. The integration of environmentally friendly insecticides with natural enemies was emphasized throughout a 10 year demonstration program (Vargas et al., 2016). Two of the most common B. dorsalisnatural enemies in Hawaii are Fopius arisanus (Sonan) and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Spatial models and ecological information on these two species was summarized in Vargas et al. (2013). In the present study we compared the impact of some commonly used pesticides with biopesticides and cover sprays with bait sprays on these two species.