Abstract
Organization and communication structures evolve to suit the particular needs of systems. In both natural and human-engineered systems, success results in replication, future development, and refinement. As a result, the evolution of organizational and communication structures has followed each industrial era’s technological and operational needs, progressively moving from rigid hierarchies to flexible networks to accommodate increasing complexityComplexity and interconnectivity. Industry 5.0Industry 5.0 represents a new era where human creativity and advanced technology converge to create personalized, sustainable, and value-driven outcomes. This paper examines the evolution of organizational and communication structures that have supported industrial organizations through the evolution from Industry 1.0 to 4.0. This paper discusses how Industry 5.0Industry 5.0 enables new organizations and organizational structures epitomized by Team of TeamsTeam of Teams (ToTs) in which collaboration, including human–human, human–machine, and machine–machine, becomes the predominant mode of behavior. This shift supports a deeper integration of social and environmental responsibility, prioritizing ethical practices and long-term sustainabilitySustainability alongside innovation. Industry 5.0Industry 5.0's human-centric approach fosters flexible, adaptive organizationalTeam organizational behavior structures that blend technology with human insight, enabling organizations to respond dynamically to complex challenges and evolving customer needs. In addition, the fundamental principles necessary to support ToTs are described, with parallels drawn to biological systems. The implications for engineered systems are described, followed by conclusions and a description of future work.